Educational Blogs

Egg Retrieval Procedure↗

At Bay IVF, the egg retrieval procedure is performed in our Clinic, so there is no need for you to go to a hospital.
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How painful is IVF?↗

At Bay IVF, we prioritize gentle and personalized ovarian stimulation to ensure the highest quality of eggs rather than focusing on quantity. By doing so, we aim to minimize the number of clinic visits and reduce the likelihood of any IVF-related discomfort.
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Is It Time to Consider IVF?↗

IVF has been successfully used for a wide variety of infertility conditions. It is the most effective treatment available to help infertile patients achieve pregnancy from their own eggs and sperm.
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Should You Consider Gender Selection?↗

IVF with PGT can be used for gender selection and family balancing, allowing couples to select the gender of their child and ensure a balanced family composition.
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Will You Be Pregnant in 2023?↗

It is a common misconception that the reproductive physician's expertise and the IVF laboratory's performance determine the In Vitro Fertilization treatment outcome.
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Disposition of Unwanted Embryos↗

Most IVF patients transfer one or two embryos, and it is common to have sometimes several additional embryos available to conceive from at a later date.
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Donor Egg IVF and Epigenetics↗

Donor Egg IVF has become a mainstream reproductive treatment...
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Anxiety During Pregnancy Can Lead To Premature Births↗

Previous research has found that up to 25% of pregnant women have clinically elevated anxiety symptoms and that anxiety can be a risk factor for preterm birth.
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IVF - The Nurses’ Perspective↗

IVF Nurse Coordinators are at the forefront of day-to-day interaction with patients undergoing infertility treatments. In this blog, we share nursing tips for frequently encountered concerns.
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Endometrial Receptivity Analysis (ERA) Is Not Helpful↗

Studies implicating uterine receptivity as a significant factor in infertility treatment success are lacking. On the other hand, evidence suggests that the role of uterine lining receptivity as a decisive factor in human conception is limited.
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Roe v Wade and Reproductive Treatments↗

Overturning Roe v Wade essentially stripped away any special federal constitutional protection for abortion in the US. Even though much of the world's attention is focused on the implications for abortion, it is also important to consider the collateral consequences for assisted reproductive technologies in the US.
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Impact of Female Weight on IVF Success↗

Increased maternal weight can have a profound negative effect on the IVF procedure and its outcome.
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Latest IVF Success Rates in the US↗

The latest available (2002) In Vitro Fertilization live birth rates were recently published by the ASRM.
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Designer Babies?↗

One day, parents may be able to select embryos based on their IQ, height, the color of eyes, and other physical traits in designer babies.
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Do Not Wait Too Long↗

Once a couple has been sexually active without contraception for a year, it is unlikely that they will achieve spontaneous pregnancy.
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COVID-19 and Male Infertility↗

Men in the study who tested positive for COVID-19 virus appeared to have a decline in fertility for months afterward.
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Will You Be Pregnant in 2022?↗

The quality of eggs and sperm determines the outcome of In Vitro Fertilization and related treatments.
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Latest on COVID and Pregnancy↗

There are no fertility-related reasons for a vaccine exemption.
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Unexplained Infertility: Probability of Success↗

Up to 25% of all infertile patients will have a diagnosis of unexplained (idiopathic) infertility.
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Global Warming and Quality of Eggs↗

Demographic studies suggest that hot weather causes a significant decline in birth rates 8–10 months later...
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Latest on COVID and Pregnancy↗

As of August 18, daily new cases of COVID-19 in the United States increased by 18.4% compared with the previous week. The Delta variant continues to contribute to the most recent cases.
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Second in the World?!↗

Bay IVF blogs were judged to be the second most influential reproductive medicine blogs in the world.
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Fresh or Frozen?↗

There is no difference in a probability of a live birth between “fresh” and frozen embryo transfers in the IVF treatment.
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Should We Transfer One or Two Embryos?↗

Transferring (putting inside the uterus) more than one embryo may increase the likelihood that at least one embryo will implant.
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Optimizing Natural Fertility↗

Approximately 80% of couples will conceive in the first six months of attempting pregnancy.
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Why Embryos Do Not Implant↗

It is a common misconception to believe that as long as an embryo is transferred (deposited) inside the uterus in IVF treatment, there will be a baby.
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Infertility Tests↗

The ASRM states that the following tests are not recommended as a part of the routine infertility evaluation: laparoscopy, endometrial biopsy, immunologic testing, postcoital testing, karyotype, prolactin level, advanced sperm function testing, and thrombophilia testing.
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COVID Vaccine and Pregnancy↗

The ASRM recommends that patients undergoing fertility treatment, pregnant women, and breastfeeding women be vaccinated to minimize risks to themselves and their pregnancy.
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Will You Be Pregnant in 2021?↗

Over the last several years, it has been realized that the outcome of In Vitro Fertilization and related treatments is decided before the treatment starts.
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Nuts for Healthy Sperm↗

It is estimated that 1 in 7 couples worldwide have problems conceiving, and semen quality factors are responsible for 40–50% of these cases.
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More Perils of PCOS↗

The cause of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is still not well understood, but we do know that 1 in 10 women in their childbearing years suffers from PCOS.
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Preimplantation Genetic Testing in IVF↗

Unfortunately, testing for genetic abnormality in embryos has not been shown to improve clinical outcomes consistently...
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Fire!
Safeguarding Your Eggs, Sperm, and Embryos↗

Our bodies, eggs, sperm, and especially embryos, are very susceptible to air quality in our surroundings.
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COVID Infection in a Newborn↗

Doctors in France have found what they say is the world’s first recorded case of an unborn child contracting COVID-19 from their mother inside the uterus.
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Choosing Wisely↗

Ten Things Physicians and Patients Should Question.
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When Enough is Enough...↗

It is hard to stop trying to get pregnant. We, humans, have a very strong instinct to procreate with our own eggs and sperm.
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Back to IVF Treatments!↗

Infertility is a serious disease that requires treatment in a timely manner. With the passage of time, an increasing number of patients whose care has been delayed are now in a situation that has become urgent.
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Coronavirus Frequently Asked Questions↗

Does Bay IVF plan on shutting down for a period of time?
Can I start my IVF treatment cycle?
Do I need to wear a mask?
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Coronavirus and Pregnancy↗

There is growing evidence that the epidemic is spreading globally. It is important to note that at this point, we are still learning about this virus, and little is known about its impact on reproduction and pregnancy.
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Vitamin D Boosts Chances of Having a Child↗

Results from a Danish nationwide cohort study suggest that consistent dietary vitamin D supplementation significantly increases the chances a woman diagnosed with infertility will have a live birth.
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Will You Be Pregnant in 2020?↗

We are now realizing that the outcome of fertility treatments is more often than not decided before the treatment starts.
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Caffeine Intake and Pregnancy Loss↗

A study showed that the use of any level of caffeine, particularly during the first eight weeks of pregnancy, may increase the risk of pregnancy loss.
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Too Old to Conceive?↗

Recently, a potential patient became quite upset when she was told that because of her age, unfortunately, we would not be able to help her conceive with her own eggs.
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Drop in the Nationwide IVF Success Rate↗

For the first time, in the latest 2017 annual report, there has been a drop in the IVF success rate in all patient age groups compared with the previous year.
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Microplastics↗

The just-published report from the World Health Organization (WHO) is the first major international study to examine the potential human health risks caused by exposure to microplastics in drinking water.
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Is Coffee Bad for Reproduction?↗

The association between coffee or total caffeine intake and one’s fertility potential has been studied extensively among couples with natural fertility. Overall the findings have been inconsistent...
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IVF and Physical Activity↗

It is a common misconception that a patient undergoing In Vitro Fertilization should “take it really easy.” This also includes the assumption that a woman should rest for an extended period of time after her embryo transfer.
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Dental Hygiene and Infertility↗

Studies have shown that periodontal diseases may be a risk for general health, low birth weight, preeclampsia, and preterm birth. It has also been linked to infertility, an increase in the likelihood of miscarriages, and poor sperm quality.
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IVF Insurance Coverage in California↗

Infertility affects hundreds of thousands of men and women in California. In Vitro Fertilization can be a very effective treatment for many of these patients.

Unfortunately, the cost of In Vitro Fertilization can be prohibitively high for many couples needing IVF.
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Marijuana Smoking May Be Linked With Having Higher Sperm Counts↗

A new study from Harvard University found that men who have smoked marijuana at some point in their life had significantly higher concentrations of sperm when compared with men who have never used marijuana.
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Maternal Overweight and Baby’s Heart Defects↗

A new study by Swedish researchers found that increased maternal body-mass index (BMI) was associated with increased risk of congenital heart defects in offspring.
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Human Gene-Editing↗

American Society for Reproductive Medicine (ASRM) calls for lifting a ban on human reproductive gene-editing investigation in the US.
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Soy Baby Formula and Severe Menstrual Cramps↗

Scientists observed that soy formula feeding during infancy was associated with several indicators of severe menstrual pain in reproductive age women.
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Sleep and Time to Conception↗

For women trying to conceive, going to bed on time may reduce the time it takes to become pregnant.
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IVF and Immunology↗

In an effort to improve outcomes of In Vitro Fertilization in general, and in patients with recurrent implantation failure and/or pregnancy loss, adjuvant immunotherapies have been introduced into IVF treatment cycles.
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40 Years of IVF↗

In July 1978, a remarkable medical breakthrough resulted in the birth of the first human conceived outside her mother’s body.

Celebrating this achievement and Louise Brown’s birth, Fertility and Sterility medical journal has produced a special issue describing the development of IVF from its beginnings...
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How Many Cycles of IUI Before IVF?↗

Your (the female partner) age will determine whether you should consider intrauterine inseminations (IUI) as a possible fertility treatment for you.
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Medical Insurance and Fertility Treatments↗

It is unfortunate that not all insurance companies provide infertility benefits, but we will do our best to help you utilize whatever benefits you may have.
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What is Infertility?↗

Infertility is a disease of the reproductive system that impairs one of the body's most basic functions: the conception of children.
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Latest IVF Success Rates↗

The Society for Assisted Reproductive Technology (SART), is releasing the latest (2016) national and clinic-specific data on assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs).

The data show that 71,296 babies were born as a result of 242,618 cycles performed during that year, at 377 SART member clinics, continuing the steady increase of ART utilization in the United States.
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Is IVF the Best Treatment for You?↗

You may not need In Vitro Fertilization to conceive. There may be alternative and less expensive treatment options for you.
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Fertility Drugs and Cancer↗

Infertile women may be at an increased risk of developing invasive ovarian, endometrial, and breast cancer. Ever wonder whether taking fertility drugs further increases this risk?
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Ibuprofen Linked to Male Infertility↗

Advil and Motrin are two brand names for ibuprofen used to treat minor aches and pains and reduce fever.

When taking ibuprofen young men developed a hormonal condition that typically begins during middle age. This condition is linked to reduced fertility.
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What is the Cumulative Probability of Pregnancy?↗

If you do just one cycle of IVF treatment, and if there are no "extra" frozen embryos available for subsequent transfer(s), you will have only one chance at pregnancy. Your probability of a successful treatment outcome (live birth) will be a per cycle probability.

If you do just one cycle of IVF treatment, and if there are no "extra" frozen embryos available for subsequent transfer(s), you will have only one chance at pregnancy. Your probability of a successful treatment outcome (live birth) will be a per cycle probability.
read more↗

Prerequisites for IVF:  Why Are They Needed?↗

Once you had your initial consultation and decided to proceed with IVF treatment, your next step will be completing the treatment prerequisites. Some of the prerequisites are required by the State of California, and some are needed to make sure your IVF treatment can result in a successful outcome.
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Egg Retrieval: The Patient's Perspective↗

The fact that human eggs (oocytes) can be obtained from the ovaries with relative ease is truly remarkable.

In 1987, the Bay IVF team was the first in California to start retrieving oocytes outside of a hospital setting. Over the ensuing years, we have performed many thousands of egg retrieval procedures, all clinic-based and without the need for general anesthesia. The technique of oocyte retrievals has been perfected, and it now usually takes only about five to ten minutes to complete the procedure.
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Non-nutritional Factors and Reproductive Health↗

Frequent and consistent exercise by both partners (if applicable) is critical for good reproductive health and is a part of your treatment at Bay IVF.

Exercise by both the male and the female partners is associated with improved egg and sperm function and IVF outcomes. In one study, exercise increased the pregnancy rate more than threefold.
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Dietary Habits and Reproductive Health↗

The outcome of advanced reproductive treatments (IVF and related treatments) depends primarily on the quality of eggs and sperm and only secondarily on the performance of the reproductive center team. The egg and sperm reproductive capacity, in turn, can be greatly influenced by your lifestyle choices.
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Vaginal Lubricants May Be Toxic to Sperm↗

At the annual ASRM meeting in October 2016, British researchers presented a survey of the use of vaginal lubricants by women who are trying to conceive, and doctors from Spain shared the results of their testing of several personal lubricants for sperm toxicity.
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What to Expect During Your Initial Visit at Bay IVF↗

A new patient appointment at a fertility clinic can be stressful. It is our goal to make your new patient visit with us as friendly and relaxing as possible.

When you arrive for your first appointment, you will be greeted by one of the clinic receptionists.
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New Life from 3D-Printed Ovaries↗

Researchers from Northwestern University have successfully removed mouse ovaries and replaced them with 3D-printed ones. The mice were able to ovulate, mate, give birth to healthy pups, and nurse them.

This technique, or one similar to it, could one day be used to help women with infertility.
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Tylenol in Pregnancy and Adverse Childhood Neurodevelopment↗

Tylenol may no longer be the “safe” drug for pregnant women.

Acetaminophen (the main ingredient in Tylenol) is used by a large proportion of pregnant women. A new study from England suggests that acetaminophen use in the second and third trimesters is associated with an increased likelihood of abnormal fetal neurodevelopment resulting in the subsequent occurrence of ADHD in the offspring.
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Is It Time to Consider IVF?↗

Of all fertility treatments, In Vitro Fertilization provides the highest probability of conceiving with your own eggs and sperm.

If you have not been able to conceive on your own and need fertility treatment, you may not require In Vitro Fertilization. On the other hand, if one or more of the following IVF indications apply to you, In Vitro Fertilization should likely be your next step.
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Gamete Embryologists - Guardians of the IVF Laboratory↗

The requirements of taking care of eggs, sperm, and embryos are extraordinary, and there is no margin for error. But as demanding as our work is, we cannot think of another profession we would rather have. We are your babies’ pre-nurses responsible for bringing about their actual manifestation.
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Genetic Testing of Embryos: Should You or Should You Not?↗

Preimplantation genetic testing includes:

1. Preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) is used when one or both genetic parents carry a gene mutation, and testing is performed to determine whether that specific mutation has been transmitted to the embryo.

2. Preimplantation genetic screening (PGS) describes a procedure involving the removal of one or more nuclei from embryos to test for genetic abnormalities before embryo transfer.
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Pre-pregnancy Stress May Lead to Babies with Low Birth Weight↗

A new study from the University of California Los Angeles provides the first evidence that a woman’s biological stress profile (particularly elevated levels of stress hormone cortisol) before she becomes pregnant may lead to lower birth weight babies.
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The Scourge of Sugar↗

Eating too much sugar can not only lead to obesity but also to metabolic disease, fatty liver disease, hypertension, kidney disease, early onset of diabetes, and heart disease as well as general inflammation that may lead to other diseases like cancer.
read more↗

Three Person Babies↗

More than 15 years ago, 17 babies were born after an experimental infertility treatment that gave them DNA from three people: Mom, Dad, and an egg donor.
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Abnormal Semen Analysis Results Increase the Risk of Cancer in Men↗

A study out of the University of Utah looking at the incidence of common forms of cancer in males found that men with abnormally low semen analysis results are at a greater risk of developing testicular cancer.
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Why We Sometimes Have to Freeze All Embryos↗

There are five conditions when transferring “fresh” embryos would be unlikely to result in a successful treatment outcome. Under these circumstances, all normally developing embryos will have to be cryopreserved (vitrified), and a Frozen Embryo Transfer procedure will be done at a later date.
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IVF and Breast Cancer↗

Women undergoing in vitro fertilization have long worried that the procedure could raise their risk for breast cancer. The IVF treatment requires temporarily increasing levels of estrogen five to 10 times compared with the normal, unstimulated levels.
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How Worried Should You Be About Zika↗

Zika virus infection has spread into most of the US states, and the CDC has issued new recommendations for men and women contemplating becoming pregnant if they have traveled to Zika virus-affected areas.
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Two Week Embryos Grown Outside of Uterus↗

Up until now, the longest that human embryos have been grown in the laboratory was nine days, though seven days has been far more common.

Now, two teams of researchers in the US and the UK have created an experimental system that allows embryos to be cultured outside the uterus in the complete absence of maternal input for up to 13 days.
read more↗

Male Partner’s Caffeine Intake Linked to Miscarriage↗

While pregnant women have long been warned about caffeine consumption during pregnancy, a woman's consumption before conception, as well as her partner's, can increase the risk of miscarriage, according to a new study.
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IVF Does Not Contribute to Developmental Delays in Children↗

Patients commonly worry about the potential effects of fertility treatment on child development. Scarce data exist regarding infertility treatments and children’s physical and psychological development.
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Zika Virus and Pregnancy↗

Zika virus can be spread from a pregnant woman to her unborn baby. There have been reports of a serious birth defect of the brain called microcephaly in babies of mothers who had Zika virus while pregnant.
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Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome↗

OHSS is characterized by enlarged ovaries and fluid accumulation in the abdomen. A mild form occurs in 10% to 20% of In Vitro Fertilization cycles and results in some discomfort but usually resolves quickly without complications. The severe form occurs approximately 1% of the time.
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Predisposition to Obesity May Be Carried in Sperm↗

A man's weight may affect the function of important genes in his sperm in ways that could be passed on to his future children, a new, small study suggests.
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Progesterone Supplements Do Not Help Women with History of Miscarriages↗

Progesterone supplements have been used for more than 60 years, in hopes of avoiding another miscarriage. But a new study published in The New England Journal of Medicine shows these hormone supplements do not increase the chances of carrying a pregnancy to term.
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Men’s Sperm Quality Declines with Age↗

While advancing female age is well known to have negative effects on fertility, reproductive success, and the health of offspring, the influence of male age on a couple’s fertility has been less defined.
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Breastfeeding Diminishes the Risk of Breast Cancer↗

Many medical authorities, including the American Academy of Pediatrics and the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, strongly recommend breastfeeding.
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Processed Meat Consumption Is Not Good for Sperm↗

Boston researchers have found that, among infertility patients having IVF, men’s consumption of processed meat, like bacon, canned meat products, and sausages, was related to poorer fertilization rates in IVF.
read more↗

How Many Embryos Should We Transfer?↗

Most human embryos, whether created through intercourse, artificial insemination, or In Vitro Fertilization, are not of a sufficient quality for implantation. Transferring (putting inside the uterus) more than one embryo in IVF treatment increases the likelihood that at least one embryo will implant. In the US, there is no law that would limit the number of embryos to transfer.
read more↗

Do Fibroids Cause Infertility?↗

You may feel quite upset if you have received a diagnosis of uterine fibroids (myomas). Will the presence of fibroids keep you from getting pregnant? Will they cause a miscarriage? Can they endanger the developing baby? Could they be a problem during the delivery?
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Age 35 or Older? The Impact of Advanced Maternal Age↗

Women are most fertile between the ages of 15 and 30, a time in which many are unwilling or unable to start a family. From a career perspective, the years from age 35 to 45 would make the most sense, but these years represent the final stages of decline in the female fertility potential.
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Pesticide Residue and Fertility Potential↗

A study by Harvard University researchers found that consumption of fruits and vegetables that contain high levels of pesticide residue was associated with a lower sperm count and lower percentage of morphologically normal sperm.
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IVF - The Nurses’ Perspective↗

IVF Nurse Coordinators are at the forefront of day to day interaction with patients undergoing their infertility treatments. In this blog, we share with you nursing tips for concerns we frequently encounter.
read more↗

Infertility and Adverse Perinatal Outcome↗

A new birth outcomes study published in Fertility and Sterility compared birth outcomes associated with infertility (Infertile births), birth outcomes associated with infertility treated with ART- Assisted Reproductive Technology (In Vitro Fertilization and related treatments), and birth to mothers without infertility (Fertile birth).
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Eat More Fish!↗

The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) have recently increased the recommended weekly amount of seafood for pregnant women, breastfeeding women, and those who might become pregnant.
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ICSI – What Is It, Do We Need It, and Is It Safe?↗

Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) was introduced in 1992 to improve fertilization in couples with male factor infertility undergoing In Vitro Fertilization treatment (IVF).
read more↗

Sunscreen May Be Tied to Male Infertility↗

Certain sunscreen chemicals used to protect against ultraviolet rays may impair men’s ability to father children, according to a study by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) and the New York State Department of Health’s Wadsworth Center.
read more↗

Frozen Donor Eggs – Your Shortcut to a Baby↗

Oocyte quality factor (low egg quality, diminished ovarian reserve, unresponsive ovaries) is a surprisingly common cause of infertility. It can be diagnosed at any age, but becomes more prevalent past the age of 38, and with few exceptions, most women 42-years and older will need to use donor eggs to have a baby.
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How to Choose an IVF Clinic↗

You just found out that you need “in-vitro” to conceive. You might feel upset, your head is spinning with implications of what it all means, and you start wondering about the treatment cost, whether it will be successful, and where to go for your IVF treatment.
read more↗

I Have Very Regular Menstrual Periods, I Must Still Be Fertile, Right?↗

The vast majority of women whose menstrual cycle length is between 21 and 35 days, do release eggs (ovulate). The average age of menopause in the US is 51.6 years and most women will continue to ovulate into their early fifties. Yet the ability to conceive a successful pregnancy (pregnancy not ending in a miscarriage) for most women ends around the age of approximately 40 years.
read more↗

Riding Bicycle Does Not Increase Risk of Infertility in Men↗

Despite the health benefits of bicycle riding (reduction in the risk of type II diabetes, coronary heart disease, and stroke), fears have been raised regarding its effects on male fertility and erectile dysfunction.
read more↗

IVF Children Do Not Have Increased Risk of Cancer↗

The possibility of an increased risk of cancer in children conceived with In Vitro Fertilization has been suggested in a Swedish study of 26,692 children born after assisted conception.
read more↗

Preconception Stress Increases Risk of Infertility↗

This study examines the relationship between the level of stress in women and the length of time it took to conceive.
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Health Risk of High Levels of Acrylamide in Food↗

U.S. health officials announced that high levels of acrylamide have been found to cause cancer in animals, and scientists say it is likely to cause cancer in humans.
read more↗

How We Decide When to Transfer Embryos↗

The goal of accurate timing of embryo transfer is to maximize the probability of a successful outcome whether from “fresh” (unfrozen) or cryopreserved embryos and to minimize the likelihood of an undesirable multiple pregnancy.
read more↗

Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART) Surveillance↗

Since the first U.S. infant conceived with Assisted Reproductive Technology was born in 1981, both the use of advanced technologies to overcome infertility and the number of fertility clinics providing ART services have increased steadily in the United States.
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Female Weight and Fertility↗

Many studies have shown that increased female weight can negatively affect the chances of success from IVF treatment. Until now, it has not been clear whether this increased weight impacted on the quality of one’s eggs, the receptivity of the uterus, or both.
read more↗

Plastics and Fertility↗

Exposure to environmental hazards can have a significant impact on one’s fertility potential. Studies presented at the American Society for Reproductive Medicine conference in Boston last month (October 2013) suggest that high levels of common chemicals BPA and phthalates may increase the risk of infertility and miscarriage.
read more↗

Coital Practices↗

Postcoital routines may become ritualized for couples trying to conceive. Although many women think that remaining supine for an interval after intercourse facilitates sperm transport and prevents leakage of semen from the vagina, the belief has no scientific foundation.
read more↗

Optimize Your Fertility↗

Environmental factors have a significant impact on reproductive health and your probability of success. It is very important that both partners (if applicable) adhere to these recommendations. You should start following the reproductive health recommendations as soon as possible, as it may take several weeks before there is an improvement in your fertility potential.
read more↗

Why Embryos Do Not Implant?↗

It happens all the time: gamete embryologists assess embryo quality just before embryo transfer and judge them to be excellent. One or more of the embryos are transferred into the uterus and – two weeks later – the pregnancy test is negative. What happened? What went wrong with the uterus that it prevented the embryos from implanting?
read more↗

What Makes a Patient a Good Candidate for Advanced Reproductive Treatments?↗

There are patients whom we barely get to meet. They “fly” through their treatment, conceive, and are referred back to their OB/GYN for prenatal care. Are there some factors these patients have in common?
read more↗